- #Pygame key codes how to
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It is this Surface that you pass into drawing functions like (), and the contents of that Surface are pushed to the display when you call (). set_mode(), which returns a Surface representing the visible part of the window.
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In pygame, everything is viewed on a single user-created display, which can be a window or a full screen.
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Later you’ll see how to load an image into a Surface and display it on the screen. Surface objects are used in many contexts in pygame. One of these is the Surface which, at its most basic, defines a rectangular area on which you can draw. In addition to the modules, pygame also includes several Python classes, which encapsulate non-hardware dependent concepts.
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Since these modules are abstractions for specific hardware, this initialization step is required so that you can work with the same code on Linux, Windows, and Mac. This function calls the separate init() functions of all the included pygame modules. For example, display allows uniform access to your video display, while joystick allows abstract control of your joystick.Īfter importing the pygame library in the example above, the first thing you did was initialize PyGame using pygame.init(). These modules provide abstract access to specific hardware on your system, as well as uniform methods to work with that hardware. The pygame library is composed of a number of Python constructs, which include several different modules. Understanding those concepts and abstractions will help you design and develop your own games.
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PyGame ConceptsĪs pygame and the SDL library are portable across different platforms and devices, they both need to define and work with abstractions for various hardware realities. That’s the pygame version of “Hello, World.” Now let’s dig a little deeper into the concepts behind this code.
This only happens once the loop finishes.
Without this call, nothing appears in the window! Line 26 updates the contents of the display to the screen.
75: the radius of the circle to draw in pixels. (250, 250): a tuple specifying the center coordinates of the circle. (0, 0, 255): a tuple containing RGB color values. Line 23 draws a circle in the window, using the following parameters: Since (255, 255, 255) was provided, the window is filled with white. screen.fill() accepts either a list or tuple specifying the RGB values for the color. Line 20 fills the window with a solid color. In this case, the only event handled is pygame.QUIT, which occurs when the user clicks the window close button. You’ll get to events a bit later as well. Lines 15 to 17 scan and handle events within the game loop. You’ll cover game loops later on in this tutorial. Lines 11 and 12 set up a game loop to control when the program ends. This program uses a list to create a square window with 500 pixels on each side. You provide either a list or a tuple that specifies the width and height of the window to create. Line 8 sets up your program’s display window. Lines 4 and 5 import and initialize the pygame library. Let’s break this code down, section by section: When you run this program, you’ll see a window that looks like this: fill (( 255, 255, 255 )) 21 22 # Draw a solid blue circle in the center 23 pygame. QUIT : 17 running = False 18 19 # Fill the background with white 20 screen. set_mode () 9 10 # Run until the user asks to quit 11 running = True 12 while running : 13 14 # Did the user click the window close button? 15 for event in pygame. init () 6 7 # Set up the drawing window 8 screen = pygame. You can get all of the code in this article to follow along:ġ # Simple pygame program 2 3 # Import and initialize the pygame library 4 import pygame 5 pygame. pygame works with most versions of Python, but Python 3.6 is recommended and used throughout this article. A basic understanding of object-oriented Python is helpful as well. You should also be familiar with how to open files on your platform. This primer assumes you have a basic understanding of writing Python programs, including user-defined functions, imports, loops, and conditionals. Describe how game programming differs from standard procedural Python programming. At the time, I really wanted a primer on pygame.īy the end of this article, you’ll be able to: That’s how I discovered pygame and learned how to use it to write games and other graphical programs. I tried to figure out how to write games in every language and on every platform I learned, including Python. 
When I started learning computer programming late in the last millennium, it was driven by my desire to write computer games.
Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Make a 2D Side-Scroller Game With PyGame Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team.
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